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3 SheetsSheet 1. J. BAIRD.

BOILER (No Mddel.)

N0. 411',882. Patented Oct. 1, 1889.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. BAIRD.

BOILER (No Model.)

Patented'Qot. 1, 1889.

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Pad-tented Oct. 1, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

JOHN BAIRD, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

BOILER.

SPECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,882, dated October 1, 1889.

Application filed June 13, 1889. Serial No. 314,090. No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be itknon'u that I, JOHN BAIRD, mechanical engineer, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers for use either on Land or Shipboard; and I'do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

These improvements relate to a firebox composed as to its sides and top of horizontal or slightly-inolined water-tubes connected in a peculiar manner with water-spaces forming the front and rear of the fire-box, to pcculiar means ofpreventing or din'iinishing foaming, to devices of a special kind for improving circulation, and to a construction tending to insure an efficient supply of water at all times to the tubes composing the lire-box, &c., all as hereinafter set forth and claimed.

The drawings are in three sheets.

Figure l is a vertical transverse section through a boiler and fire-box. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal vertical section through the same. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same with the uptake removed. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation thereof; Fig. 5, an elevation of one end of a modification of the boiler and furnace with the uptake removed. Fig. 6 is a central longitudinal vertical section through the same With [theuptake in place. Figs. '7, S, and 9 are details on a larger scale of the devices for restraining foaming; and Figs. 10 and 11 are details on a larger scale of the valve, which, in connection with a tube, tends to prevent the emptying of the fire-box tubes and keep them always filled with water.

In the drawings, the shell of the boiler is shown at a a, and the fire tubes or flues therein at b 6. These tubes are secured to the front head of the boiler, as usual, and at their rear ends to a tube-sheet C, which forms one side of the back connection. This back connection has a top cl, and the rear end of the boiler is a short Water-leg c, fiat at the bottom, so that it rests upon the rear of the fire-box. This water-leg may be circular or of other form, provided that the top of the fire-box corresponds in contour with it, or nearly so.

The front of the fire-box is a flat box set on edge, stayed, as usual, and containing water when the boiler is in use. I prefer to make a circular depression in its top, in and upon which the front end of the shell rests. The rear 9 of the fire-box is a similar box or water-space, but in the preferred form flat on top, and upon it rests the rear end of the boiler. (See Figs. 2 and t.) The boiler proper is supported by these ends of the fire-box.

ater-tubes 72. 71-, nearly horizontal, but preferably inclined upward at their front ends, have thin open ends secured to the inner sheet of the front end of the fire-box, so that they communicate directly with the nater-spaee thereof. Holes are cut through the outer sheet of the front of the firebox opposite these tubes, and these holes are to be closed with screw-plugs h 71. These holes permit cleaning of the tubes. These tubes 71, at their rear ends, pass through sleeves which extend water and steam tight from the inner to the outer sheet of the rear end of the fire-box,and are either bent or furnished with smaller bent tubes 7L2 h which connect at one end with the tubes 7L and at the other with the water-space in the rear of the firebox. There is therefore a free connection through these bends or small tubes and the tubes 7L h between the water-spaces in the front and rear of the fire-box; and, owing to the fact that the tubes h pass through sleeves and are connected at the rear by bent tubes, there is little danger of leakage arising from the expansion and contraction of the tubes. Other tubes j j are secured in the same way as the tubes 7b to the front and rear ends of the fire-box, being like them provided with bends or small bent tubes j and having opposite their open ends plugs 7" j. These tubes j j overlie the grate-bars and form the roof of the fire-box, and may be sufficiently numerous to extend from side to side thereof. I intend at times to reverse the connections of these tubes hand j with the front and rear of the fire-box, to furnish the front instead of the back with the tubes being directly connected with these spaces at one end thereof, and at the other passing through sleeves in the space and pro vided with bent connections. As fire and heat could pass out between the tubes, I cover them exteriorly with awall 7c, of brick or tiles, and bridge the space between the tops of these walls and the shell of the boiler with tiles k I prefer, also, to cover the horizontal tubes j j with tiles k as far rearward as the passage to the back connection, (see Figs. 1 and 2,) thus protecting more effectually the lower part of the shell from in tense heat and permitting the use of a thickshell in boilers made for carryinghigh steam. I do not limit myself to any special size of the tubes h and j, and they may be arranged nearer together or farther apart than shownin the drawings. The series of tubes j j, as before said,- may extend from side to side of thefire-box, but I prefer to extend the series about as far as in the drawings and to substitute forthe small tubes j j larger tubes ZZ; 1n sometcases, as shown in the drawings, provided with internal flues or fire-tubes Z' Z These larger tubes ZZ project through the front of the fire-box, passing through suitablewateiwtight sleeves as the tubes h and j pass through the rear heads, and they are to be supported at their rear ends inany suitable way, by hangers or brick pillars, the rear ends ex-i tendm g about as far as a vertical planepass- 111g transversely through the back connection. on. The water-space in these tubes is tobe connected by suitable eurvedpipes with either the water-space in the front or rear of the fire-box, or both, and I prefer to furnish them} also with connections :to the boiler itself.- Flameand products of combustion will parQ tiallyor wholly surround these tubes Z Z and will pass through the fiues Z Z in them, if used,into the chimney through the hood or uptake a. The water-space in the front of the fire-box 1s.to be connected with the boiler by bent tubes,.such as are shown at o 0, arranged in, some suitable manner. Feed-water is to be pumped into the rear of the fire-box, as through the check-valve p, or, if the connections of the tubes J1. and j be reversed, into thefront of the-fire-box, and it will circulate through-the tubes from one end of the firebox to the other and .be finally discharged into'the boiler. Owing to the intense heat to which .the tubes 71, and j are exposed,it may .happen that steam will be formed in, them or some of them to such extent as to drive out the water and the usual supply of feed-water may then beinsufficient to fill the the vacan oy. I have therefore connected the reariofthe-fire-box or the front, if the tubes openinto it, with the body of water in the upper shell by means of a pipe,such as p.- This pipe has in it a valve-box p, and this box contains a floating valve 19 seating up ward. (See 11.) Aslong as the baek'of the fire-box is full of water this valve will remain shut, floated up against its seat; but if water leaves the rear of the fire-box to supply a want of water in the tubes then the valve will fall and water will flow downward from the boiler into the rear of the fire-box.

I sometimes intend to make the boiler cylindrical throughout, as seen in Figs. 5 and 6, with a connection in the center thereof, two sets of fines I) Z), and two sets of grate-bars. In this arrangement the water-tubes h andj will extend over both sets of grate-bars and the largetubes Z Z from both ends of the firebox through sleeves therein nearly to the bridge-wall.

Two or more boilers like those shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 maybe set side by side, and have no tubes h h between the fire boxes thereof, oronly one set of suclrtubes between adjoining fire-boxes. Inthiscasethe front and rear ends of the fire-boxes may be of the full width of the battery and commonitoall the fire-boxes. I

In order to alleviate foaming, -I :apply'deflectors above the upper row of flues orfire tubes in the boiler proper, as indicatedin Fig. 1. These deflectors are bars of angle-iron-r, (see Figs. 7, S, and 9,) with their length coinciding with the length of the flues. Inorder to support them, I rivet upon them at intervals short pieces of angle-iron -r'.. pieces lie upon "the fluesand leave-intervals between the angle-iron andthe'flues through whiehsteam and Water, or both, canpass; butin passing they allv deflect diagonally and foaming is thus obviated.

As a means for providing bettercirculation in the boiler, I extend longitudinally from end-to end of the boiler and at the level of the upper or some lower tier of 'fiues metal plates, as indicated-at S, Fig. .1. These plates are to be supported in any effieient manner. They bridge the space betweenthe fines and the shell, and are provided with holes or apertures in which are inserted the upper open ends of tubes 3 .9. These latter extend downward,and are openat their lower ends. As they occupy a comparatively-cool part ofthe boiler, it is probable that water will rise among and between the fines and-descend through the circulating-tubes s.

I do not claim,broadly,horizontaltubes ex tending over grate-bars in afire-box, nor-horizontal tubes by themselves located at the sides of a fire-box, nor partitions or tubes withinaboiler which are intended-to make a better circulation, nor-broadly-defiectors.for the purpose of diminishing foaming.

I claim as of my own invention- 1. A fire-box composed of front and rear water-spaces and tubeshorizontal, or nearly so, forming the sides and top thereof when saidtubes pass'throughi sleeves at one of said ends and are connected to the front and rear water-spaces, all substantially as described.

2. In combination with a fire-box composed of front and rear ends and of sides,and atop formed of tubes, all made and connected as These 1 IIO described, large tubes provided with flues, such as Z Z, combined therewith, as described.

3. In combination with the end of a tirebox such as is described, and with water-tubes connected therewith and a boiler, a pipe, such as p, with a floating valve therein, whereby a connection may be at times established between said tubes and the boiler proper, in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

4. In combination with horizontal fiues or tubes inclosed in a shell, as described, deflectors above the upper tier thereof, said deflectors being bars of angle-iron supported as described.

JOHU BAIRD.

Vitn esses GEO. F. DANIELS, ADDISON W. BAIRD. 

